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UNESCO World Heritage site Of Mohenjo Daro Sindh Pakistan
The archaeological ruins at Mohen Jo Daro are one of the best-preserved urban settlements in South Asia dating back to the beginning of the 3rd Millennium BCE and exercised a considerable influence on the subsequent development of urbanization. The site represents the metropolis of the Indus Civilization which flourished between 2,500-1,500 BCE in the Indus Valley and is considered one of the world’s great ancient civilizations that left an indelible mark on subsequent urban development.
The excavation in Mohen Jo Daro in 1922 revealed evidence of the customs, art, religion, and administrative abilities of its inhabitants. Constructed with baked bricks, the archaeological ruins of the city reveal a well-planned urban settlement with public bath, a large granary and sophisticated drainage and sewage systems. The ruins tell the story of a bustling metropolis, enjoying a well-organized civic, economic, and cultural system.
This site possesses an exceptional cultural significance recognized by all nations of the world and this Outstanding Universal Value resulted in inscription on UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 1980. World Heritage Sites belong to all peoples of the world irrespective of where they are located. Therefore, it is our collective duty to safeguard this site for all times.
The archaeological ruins at Mohen Jo Daro are one of the best-preserved urban settlements in South Asia dating back to the beginning of the 3rd Millennium BCE and exercised a considerable influence on the subsequent development of urbanization. The site represents the metropolis of the Indus Civilization which flourished between 2,500-1,500 BCE in the Indus Valley and is considered one of the world’s great ancient civilizations that left an indelible mark on subsequent urban development.
Dabble Ring Water Well
The excavation in Mohen Jo Daro in 1922 revealed evidence of the customs, art, religion, and administrative abilities of its inhabitants. Constructed with baked bricks, the archaeological ruins of the city reveal a well-planned urban settlement with public bath, a large granary and sophisticated drainage and sewage systems. The ruins tell the story of a bustling metropolis, enjoying a well-organized civic, economic, and cultural system.
This site possesses an exceptional cultural significance recognized by all nations of the world and this Outstanding Universal Value resulted in inscription on UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 1980. World Heritage Sites belong to all peoples of the world irrespective of where they are located. Therefore, it is our collective duty to safeguard this site for all times.
S.D AREA MOHEN JO DARO
S.D area named after Khan Sahib A.D Siddiqui represents the citadel or the upper city. It was excavated during the year 192.28. Itserved as both religious and administrative centre of Mohen jo daro. A Buddhist Stupa and a monastery of 2nd Century A.D were constructed on the ruins of the ancient citadel about sixteen hundred years after the destruction of Mohen jo daro. Among the important buildings of the Citadel area are the Great Bath, state Granary and series of Bath Rooms and Complete Building, all probability a College of Priests.
The College Building Mohen jo daro sindh
This remarkable building in SD Area in Mohenjodaro was excavated between 1927 to 1931 by Mr. E.J.H. Mackay. According to Mackay this building was residence of a very high official, possibly the high priest himself, or perhaps a College of Priests. According to researchers this building design was copied from Great Bath which stands in the west in the same area. It most probably stood 2 or more storeys high with a fenestrated court. A possible entrance was from Divinity Street which was in the east of this building. Mackay dated this building as Late Period Structure which had been occupied by some people after a heavy River Indus flood.
Great Bath
This tank popularly known as the great bath was apparently used for ritual purposes by the inhabitants of Mohenjodaro. It measures about 39X23 feet and is 8 feet deep with antechambers on either sides. Its floor is approachable by a flight of steps on either end. Near the south west corner an outlet has been provided for the water disposal through high drain with corbelled arch. In a room on the east of the western verandah is a double ring well to feed the bath to keep the tank water tight. A thin layer of bitumen was applied to the outer face of its walls a proper gradient in the floor level was maintained and the fine joint masonry work was done in the construction of the floor and sides of the bath, a rare feature in contemporary architecture.
The State Granary
Sir Mortimer Wheeler excavated this fascinating building at Mohenjodaro in 1950. He interpreted this structure as Civic Granary. The City State and its officials supplied grains to the local populations of both Upper City & Lower City during famine conditions and floods of the River Indus. This structure stands in the west of the Great Bath. It measures 27X50 Meters with 27 brick platform. There are horizontal and vertical passages for crossing of air. It had loading platforms and site of stair. The building had Timber rooftop or ceiling. The Great Bath Drain crosses close to this granary from east.
The Assembly Hall
The Assembly Hall is situated in the C Block of the L Area in Mohenjodaro. It is also called the Pillared Hall. The area of this mysterious building was 27.5 Meters square or 90 feet square. It had 20 square brick pillars arranged in 4 rows. It was actually a large Hall where the rulers, priests, officials, elites and soldiers used to assemble for state related matters and social & cultural activities. A well lies in the middle of the Hall. It belonged to the Intermediate Period.
Mohenjo-daro had some of the most advanced toilets and sewers, with lavatories built into the outer walls of houses. There were Western-style toilets made from bricks with wooden seats on top.They had vertical chutes through which waste fell into street drain or cesspits
Terraocotta Pipe Mohen jo Daro HR Area
Terracotta pipes found in Mohenjo-daro, one of the major cities of the Indus Valley Civilization are significant examples of early urban engineering. These pipes were used primarily for drainage and sanitation. Here’s a quick overview:
Terracotta Pipes in Mohenjo-daro:
Material: Made from baked clay (terracotta), which was durable and relatively easy to produce.
Purpose: Primarily used for draining wastewater from houses and public buildings into covered drains along streets.
The use of terracotta pipes in Mohenjo-daro demonstrates the Indus Valley people’s high level of civic planning and public hygiene, a remarkable achievement for a Bronze Age civilization.
D.K AREA Mohen Jo Daro Sindh Pakistan
This area named after K.N Dikshit was excavated during 1922 to 1933, built in accordance with distinctive and evolved principles of urban planning. This residential lower city is divided into rectangular blocks of houses. The city is provided with Main Street and the blocks are divided by narrow lanes. The unpaved roads and streets provided with drains and streets provided with drains and Bins of burnt bricks for disposal of rubbish and chutes demonstrate a high state of sanitation. The notable features of the area besides wells include the Chiefs House, Well Preserved House, Low Lane, Long Lane, 1st Street Central Street and Assembly Hall.
Well Preserved House DK Area
low lane Street DK Area
First Street DK Area
Water Chutes DK Area
The Oven DK Area
The Temple Building
The only building possibly of religious purpose is in HR-A, Area may have been a temple or palace of an important leader. Two doorways lead to a narrow courtyard at a lower level. A double staircase leads to an upper courtyard surrounded by several rooms. From house this numerous seals and fragments of a stone sculpture depicting a seated man wearing a cloak over the left shoulder were recovered in excavation during last century. A well-preserved limestone head called bearded man (HR 910) was found by Hargreaves from this building. Another human sculpture found in this building was called The Sad by scholars was also found from this area. “The building is an interesting structure, unconventional in plan; it had been suggested by excavators that was a temple”.
The Priest King Of Mohen Jo Daro
One the one hand, the priest-king of Mohenjo-daro may look like a real person; on the other, his garment and other signs led the archeologist Ernest Mackay to write “the only stone image yet discovered which can definitely be said to be that of a deity is a white steatite head and bust, now about seven inches in height, but once much larger as the lower part of it is missing. This figure is clothed in a robe which is carried over the left shoulder and under the right arm, and on which is carved in relief the trefoil pattern that, to judge from its frequent appearance at Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, is obviously a sacred symbol. The figure has a short beard and shaven upper lip, in the latter fashion resembling other figures, both of gods and men, found in ancient Sumer. The hair, which is practically cropped, is parted in the middle and secured by a filet tied around the head, with two long ends hanging down behind. A hole bored on each side of the neck, just below the ear, is evidently intended to take the end of a necklace. The eyes are half closed and were formerly inlaid with narrow strips of shell, in which a cut roughly represented the partially concealed pupil. The lips are full, and the broken nose was probably of ordinary size.
The fact that this image wears a robe ornamented with a sacred device, and that provision is made for a necklace precludes the possibility that it was intended for any human being, even a priest. The peculiar half-shut eyes have been though by one authority to represent a state of the yogi, or contemplation; but this may not be so, for very much the same kind of eye has been noticed in some very early clay figures for Kish and Ur.” (Ernest Mackay, The Indus Civilization, 1935,
Bamboo village Tando Allahar Sindh Pakistan
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Irshad Ali Solangi
The Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro are the best preserved urban settlement in South Asia dating back to the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC, and exercised a considerable influence on the subsequent development of urbanization. The archaeological ruins are located on the right bank of the Indus River, 510 km north-east from Karachi, and 28 km from Larkana city, Larkana District in Pakistan’s Sindh Province. The property represents the metropolis of Indus civilization, which flourished between 2,500-1,500 BC in the Indus valley and is one of the world’s three great ancient civilizations.
The discovery of Moenjodaro in 1922 revealed evidence of the customs, art, religion and administrative abilities of its inhabitants. The well planned city mostly built with baked bricks and having public baths; a college of priests; an elaborate drainage system; wells, soak pits for disposal of sewage, and a large granary, bears testimony that it was a metropolis of great importance, enjoying a well organized civic, economic, social and cultural system.
Moenjodaro comprises two sectors: a citadel area in the west where the Buddhist stupa was constructed with unbaked brick over the ruins of Moenjodaro in the 2nd century AD, and to the east, the lower city ruins spread out along the banks of the Indus. Here buildings are laid out along streets intersecting each other at right angles, in a highly orderly form of city planning that also incorporated systems of sanitation and drainage.
Criterion (ii): The Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro comprise the most ancient planned city on the Indian subcontinent, and exerted great influence on the subsequent urbanization of human settlement in the Indian peninsular.
Criterion (iii): As the most ancient and best preserved urban ruin in the Indus Valley dating back to the 3rd millennium BC, Moenjodaro bears exceptional testimony to the Indus civilization.
Integrity
The Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro comprise burnt brick structures covering 240 ha, of which only about one third has been excavated since 1922. All attributes of the property are within the boundaries established for proper preservation and protection. All significant attributes are still present and properly maintained. However the foundations of the property are threatened by saline action due to a rise of the water table of the Indus River. This was the subject of a UNESCO international campaign in the 1970s, which partially mitigated the attack on the mud brick buildings.
Authenticity
The Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro comprise the first great urban center of the Indus civilization built 5000 years ago with burnt brick structures. The property continues to express its Outstanding Universal Value through its planning, form and design, materials and location. The setting of the property is vulnerable to the impact of development in its vicinity.
Protection and management requirements
The Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro are being protected by National and Regional laws including the Antiquities Act 1975 from the threats of damage, pillage and pilferage and of new developments in and around the boundaries of the property. There is a management system to administer the property, protect and conserve the attributes that carry Outstanding Universal Value, and address the threats to and vulnerabilities of the property as outlined above. A comprehensive Master Plan has been prepared by the Department of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Pakistan to identify the actual extent of the archaeological area of Moenjodaro. However during the process of approval of the Master Plan, the archaeological area of Moenjodaro has been transferred from the Federal Department of Archaeology to the Culture Department, Government of Sindh. Under the Constitution Act 2010 (18th Amendment), the Culture Department, Government of Sindh is now responsible for the proper up-keep and maintenance of the property.
In order to tackle the potential weaknesses as mentioned in the statements of authenticity and integrity there is a site office supported by a scientific laboratory to deal with the issues of conservation and other problems in a scientific way with traditional methods. The problems of salt action, thermal stress and rain are dealt with through a holistic approach involving application of mud slurry, mud capping, re-pointing and other consolidation works such as under- pinning in order to retain the authenticity and integrity of the property. Besides the above threats there is the danger of flood which was mitigated to some extent by constructing embankments and spurs. However, a breach of the dam upstream would cause catastrophic damage. The Department is therefore undertaking regular monitoring of the dam and is seeking secure funding from the Government, NGOs and other donor countries in order to strengthen it
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Welcome to North Pakistan
The tomb of Bibi Jawindi from 1493, the tombs of Nuriya and Baha ‘al Halim, mosque of Mahboob Subhani, the mosque at the shrine of Jahaniyan Jahangasht, entry to the shrine of Jahaniyan Jahangasht, exposed interior of the tomb of Baha’al Halim
The tomb of Bibi Jawindi from 1493, the tombs of Nuriya and Baha ‘al Halim, mosque of Mahboob Subhani, the mosque at the shrine of Jahaniyan Jahangasht, entry to the shrine of Jahaniyan Jahangasht, exposed interior of the tomb of Baha’al Halim
Derawar Fort is a fortress in Ahmadpur East Tehsil of Bahawalpur District in the Punjab, Pakistan. Approximately 20 km south of the city of Ahmedpur East, the forty bastions of Derawar are visible for many miles in the Cholistan Desert. The walls have a perimeter of 1500 metres and stand up to thirty metres high.